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Non-Compete Agreements Under Attack: The Current and Future Utility of Restrictive Covenants in New York

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Eric Tate and Michael Schulman published an article in New York Law Journal that discussed previous legislative attacks on non-compete agreements and the recent Federal Trade Commission ban on non-competes. 

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Eric Tate and Michael Schulman published an article in New York Law Journal that discussed previous legislative attacks on non-compete agreements and the recent Federal Trade Commission ban on non-competes. The authors highlighted New York Legislature’s focus on the subject, noting initial legislation being rejected for its failure to include exceptions existing in most other state laws.Read the <a href="https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2024/05/23/non-compete-agreements-under-attack-the-current-and-future-utility-of-restrictive-covenants-in-new-york/?slreturn=20240511144336" target="_blank">full article</a>.

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Eric Akira Tate co-chairs the firm’s Global Employment and Labor Group. He represents technology and other companies in bet-the-company trade secrets and employee mobility cases. Eric also represents boards of directors and companies in #MeToo and other sensitive internal investigations and disputes with executives, whistleblower, wrongful termination, discrimination and harassment, and other employment litigation.Eric also advises companies in employment law compliance and transactional matters, including restrictive covenants and other personnel policies and procedures, and employment aspects of mergers and acquisitions throughout the United States and globally.Eric’s recent board of directors and executive dispute matters include: defending a publicly traded UK company in the defense of a wrongful termination suit by the former CEO of its U.S. subsidiary; representing a TSX-traded Canadian company in wrongful termination and other claims alleged by two terminated C-suite executives; represented a publicly traded Japanese investment firm in separation of a C-suite executive; represented a publicly traded Japanese healthcare company in the separation of the CEO and 20+ other U.S. executives, including defense of several wrongful termination and discrimination claims; and represented a publicly traded Fortune 200 technology company in investigation of discrimination and harassment claims against a C-suite executive, who subsequently resigned without incident. Regarding trade secrets and employee mobility issues, Eric represented Uber in its diligence investigation as part of its acquisition of Ottomotto, the autonomous vehicle startup founded by former Google engineers. He then helped lead Uber’s defense of the subsequent patent infringement and trade secrets misappropriation suit, which settled several days into trial in February 2018. In addition to technology companies, Eric has handled similar matters for companies across many industries, including, but not limited to, Williams Sonoma v. Restoration Hardware, International Lease Finance Co. v. Air Lease Corporation, Melaleuca, Inc. v. Shaklee Corporation, and New Century Mortgage v. Encore Credit.Most recently, Eric was recognized by Chambers USA for Labor & Employment, again by Best Lawyers as a leading lawyer in employment law, again by the Daily Journal as one of California’s Top Labor and Employment Lawyers and Top Trade Secrets Lawyers, again by Benchmark Litigation as a Labor and Employment Star, and again named to Law360’s 2023 EA Discrimination Editorial Advisory Board. Eric was elected as a Fellow of the College of Labor and Employment Lawyers in 2021.Eric is committed to advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion at the firm and development of the legal profession generally. Eric has served on the firm’s Diversity Strategy Committee since its inception and is a past co-chair. Eric is a former hiring partner for the Palo Alto office and past member of the firmwide Pro Bono and Litigation Evaluations Committees. Eric serves on the Points Committee for the firm. Eric serves as a partner sponsor for multiple affinity groups at the firm and as a formal and informal mentor to associates around the firm. Eric is a leader in the American Bar Association’s (ABA’s) Labor and Employment (LEL) Section and LEL’s Employment Rights and Responsibilities (ERR) Committee. Eric is serving his second term on the governing Council (Board of Directors) for the LEL Section. Eric serves as co-chair of ERR’s Covenants Not to Compete and Trade Secrets Subcommittee. Eric is a past co-chair of the ABA LEL Annual Meeting Committee, the LEL Section Annual CLE Conference, and ERR’s Alternative Dispute Resolution, Employment At-Will and Collateral Torts, and Worker Dislocation Subcommittees. He also has served on the Planning Committee for the National Employment Law Council’s Annual Conference.For nearly 15 years, Eric has served as a mediator for the Northern District of California’s Alternative Dispute Resolution Program, handling employment discrimination and harassment, wrongful termination, trade secrets and employee mobility, and other employment-related and disability matters.Additionally, Eric is a thought leader in various employment law areas and recognized authority in trade secrets and employee mobility. He serves on the Board of Review for leading BNA treatises Trade Secrets: A State-by-State Survey; Covenants Not to Compete; Employee Duty of Loyalty; and Tortious Interference in the Employment Context. He is author of “Protecting Investment in IP and People” in Today’s General Counsel; “SCOTUS Poised to Resolve Circuit Split on SOX Federal Whistleblower Standard and Other Statutes” in the Daily Journal; “Workplace Bias and Gender Pay Equity in the Silicon Valley” in LJN Employment Law Strategist; “Trade Secrets and the Activision Case: Lessons for Employers and Employees” in the IP Litigator; “Protect Your Investments: Recent Developments in California Law Regarding Non-competition Agreements and Other Restrictive Covenants” in NVCA Today; “Microinequities: Can Bad Behavior Be Actionable?” in National Law Journal; “The When, Who and How of Workplace Investigations” in The Practical Litigator; and “California Raises Bar for Employers Again: Gender Pay Bias Claims Set to Take Off with New Gender Pay Equity and Anti‑Discrimination Law” in Bloomberg BNA Daily Labor Report.Eric is active in community endeavors. He founded and is a former president of the Board of Directors of Hapa Issues Forum, Inc., a nonprofit community organization that addresses issues relating to persons of partial Asian descent. Eric is a past president of the Board of Directors of the Japanese Cultural and Community Center of Northern California. He also is a member of the INROADS Alumni Association, The National Black Lawyers Top 100, the 100 Black Men of the Bay Area, Inc., and he has served as a mentor for students in the Level Playing Field Institute’s IDEAL Scholars Program.A representative sampling of Eric’s key matters is further below.<h4 dir="ltr">Trade Secrets and Employee Mobility Litigation</h4><ul dir="ltr"><li>Defending leading multi-cloud security and application management company in federal court lawsuit by competitor alleging trade secrets misappropriation, various employment-related contract and tort claims, and copyright and trademark violations based on alleged conduct in Russia and California.</li><li>Represented industry-leading enterprise data cloud company in multiple trade secrets and employee mobility lawsuits against former employees and competitor, including obtaining TRO on behalf of client enforcing restrictive covenants against Georgia employee and successfully opposing motions to dismiss and motions to stay in various actions.</li><li>Represented leading shared electric vehicle company in federal court lawsuit alleging against its former head of supply engineering and his new employer trade secrets misappropriation and related claims involving the downloading of thousands of our client’s files upon resignation.</li><li>Represented Springshot in federal court lawsuit to invalidate non-competition agreement that the former employer, Georgia-based INFORM Software, of its newly hired Chief Commercial Officer, sought to enforce to bar the CCO from working for Springshot. </li><li>Represented veterinary orthopedics client in federal court lawsuit against the founder of an acquired company over the enforcement of restrictive covenants, resulting in entry of a permanent injunction enforcing our client’s non-compete agreement against the founder.</li><li>Represented leading cloud computing and virtualization technology company in breach of duty and breach of contract lawsuit against departed executive.</li><li>Represented Fortune 50 corporation in trade secret and employee- and customer-raiding lawsuit against former co-founder and top executives who launched a competing business that achieved a nearly $1 billion IPO.</li><li>Represented international virtualization software company in trade secret misappropriation and employee- and customer-raiding lawsuit against several former executives.</li><li>Represented North American provider of IT solutions and services in series of lawsuits across the United States to combat alleged employee- and customer-raiding activities by competitor.</li><li>Defended investment bank in lawsuit involving enforceability of departing executive’s post-termination non‑competition agreement.</li><li>Represented pharmaceutical company in trade secret misappropriation lawsuit against former finance employee.</li><li>Represented international video game maker in trade secret misappropriation lawsuits against former executives and new competing business.</li><li>Defended national mortgage company in trade secret misappropriation and employee- and customer-raiding lawsuit filed by competitor.</li><li dir="ltr">Defended North American home furnishings retail chain in trade secret misappropriation and employee‑raiding lawsuit filed by competitor.</li></ul><h4 dir="ltr">Board of Directors, Investigations, and Whistleblower and other Employment Dispute Matters</h4><ul><li>Represented board of directors of NASDAQ-traded technology company in negotiation of CEO employment agreement.</li><li>Represented board of directors of publicly traded energy company in negotiation of separation agreement with CEO in context of proxy fight with activist investor.</li><li>Represented Fortune 500 semiconductor company in negotiation of separation agreement of incumbent CEO and employment agreement with new CEO.</li><li>Represented Japanese exchange listed healthcare company in the separation of its CEO and 20+ other U.S. executives, including defense of several wrongful termination and discrimination claims.</li><li>Represented Japanese exchange listed investment firm in separation of a C-suite executive.</li><li>Representing Canadian exchange listed company in wrongful termination and other claims alleged by two terminated C-suite executives.</li><li>Defending U.K. exchange listed company in the defense of federal court wrongful termination suit filed by the former CEO of its U.S. subsidiary.</li><li>Represented publicly traded Fortune 200 technology company in investigation of discrimination and harassment claims against C-suite executive, who subsequently resigned without incident.</li><li>Obtained complete defense award on behalf of technology company in suit filed by former co-founder alleging that the company failed to repurchase upon termination restricted stock valued at more than $5 million.</li><li>Defended pre-IPO biotech company in wrongful termination suit by former co-founder and CEO terminated by board of directors.</li><li>Advised board of directors of leading IT infrastructure company in termination of CEO and CFO of U.S. subsidiary after misconduct investigation and represented board of directors in follow-on wrongful termination claims by CEO and CFO.</li><li>Investigated claims by in-house lawyer that public technology company executives engaged in sexual harassment and national origin discrimination and represented company in successful pre-litigation resolution of claims.</li><li>Investigated and advised board of directors of pre-IPO biotech company on #MeToo allegations regarding top executives.</li><li>Represented publicly traded pharmaceutical industry company in investigation and resolution of whistleblower claims by CFO.</li><li>Obtained complete dismissal in favor of publicly traded gig economy company of discrimination and wrongful termination claims by alleged whistleblower engineer.</li><li>Obtained complete walkaway voluntary dismissal of sexual harassment and discrimination claims by former accounting employee against venture capital and property management company after years of litigation.</li><li>Represented publicly traded technology company in investigation and resolution of alleged revenue and expense reimbursement irregularities involving top sales executive.</li><li>Defended venture capital fund in pregnancy discrimination and restrictive covenant lawsuit by former partner.</li><li>Defended leading corporate social responsibility company in whistleblower and employment discrimination suit filed by former finance executive.</li><li>Defended international laser and fiber-optics company in suit alleging fraud regarding stock options.</li><li>Defended international video game maker in whistleblower and employment discrimination suit filed by former executive.</li><li>Represented top human resources executive officer in discrimination and retaliation lawsuit premised on alleged toxic workplace culture.</li></ul><h4 dir="ltr">Representative Non-Litigation and Transactional Matters</h4><ul><li>Represented founder of private technology company in negotiation of employment agreement with board of directors.</li><li>Represented CEO in negotiation of executive employment agreement with publicly traded biotech company.</li><li>Represented former Managing Partner in separation from iconic Silicon Valley venture capital firm.</li><li>Represented pre-IPO company CEO/Founder in investigation and defense of potential securities fraud claims.</li><li>Represented minority-shareholder executives in negotiation of employment agreements with foreign buyer of company.</li><li>Revised nationwide restrictive covenant agreements for publicly traded technology company.</li><li>Advised leading venture capital fund on restrictive covenants strategy for fund managers.</li><li>Advised leading technology investment fund in worldwide reduction in force.</li><li>Advised leading digital operations management company in worldwide reduction in force.</li><li>Represented clients in employment aspects of buy-side and sell-side M&A transactions across the world with deal sizes ranging from several billion to millions of dollars.</li></ul><h4 dir="ltr">Wage-and-Hour Class and Representative Actions</h4><ul><li>Defended construction company in purported class action for failure to comply with California wage laws.</li><li>Defended international technology company in collective action alleging failure to accurately pay wages to technicians across the United States.</li><li>Defended national restaurant chain in class action regarding alleged failure to comply with California uniform and other wage laws for 10,000 employees.</li><li>Defended international engineering and construction company in class action regarding alleged failure to comply with California overtime laws.</li><li>Defended landscaping company in class action regarding alleged failure to comply with California meal- and rest-period laws.</li><li>Defended individual directors of bankrupt technology company in suit by former employees for unpaid wages.</li></ul>

Eric Tate

Co-Chair, Global Employment and Labor Practice

Michael Schulman is a partner in the firm’s Global Employment and Labor Group. Michael has extensive employment and labor law experience, regularly advising clients in connection with workforce related counseling, investigation, transactional, and litigation matters. Michael represents clients in a broad range of employment and labor matters using a pragmatic, efficient, and results-oriented approach. Michael regularly guides clients through complex workforce issues, including for instance, key executive and employee and sensitive separations; responsibly and effectively addressing allegations of workplace misconduct; restrictive covenant drafting, enforcement, and strategic evaluation; and worker classification and wage and hour compliance practices. Michael’s experience covers a broad range of employment and labor laws at the federal, state, and local level, including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the National Labor Relations Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act, the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, and related state and local laws.Michael has unique experience addressing labor and employment matters that arise in connection with corporate transactions, particularly for private equity firms. Michael has represented clients in over 2,000 transactions, including many large scale multi-national mergers, acquisitions, and asset carve-outs. He regularly conducts acquisition-related labor and employment due diligence and advises clients on the employment and workforce integration or separation implications of mergers, acquisitions, sales, and financings.In the litigation context, Michael represents employers in U.S. federal and state court litigation, administrative agency proceedings, and arbitrations arising out of alleged labor and employment law violations. Michael has defended employers against actions brought by government agencies, such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and Department of Labor, as well as actions initiated by current and former employees. He has also prosecuted suits against former employees and their new employers for breach of restrictive covenants.

Michael Schulman

Partner

Employment + Labor